All Roads Lead to Rome

So after my appointment, I missed a lot of notes. These are the notes I took from both days.

 CEASER SEIZING POWER
  • Serves as consul (one year)
  • Appoints himself governor of Gaul
  • Pompey is jealous, becomes his rival
    • Caesar’s armies clash with Pompey’s in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt (Caesar - winning!)
  • In 44BC he is named dictator - first for six months, then for life

CEASER'S REFORMS

  • Granted citizenship to people in provinces
  • Expanded the Senate, adding his friends
  • Created jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects
  • Increased pay for soldiers
    •
  • Started colonies where those without land could own property


  • “Sic semper tyrannis!”---- Thus always to tyrants!”



ASSASSINATION

The senators saw Caesar’s rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability
  • How? They lured him into the Senate, stabbing him 23 times, making sure all were involved
  • Who? Even Brutus, Caesar’s ally (“et tu, Brute?”)
  • Senators were not punished
  • Octavian was named Julius Caesar’s sole heir
  • Basically, this is the end of the republic
AFTERMATH TO THE MURDER
  • Julius Caesar’s grandnephew - and adopted son - Octavian takes over at the age of 18! with his own triumvirate
    • Mark Antony is an experienced general
    • Lepidus is a powerful politician
  • This is the Second Triumvirate



A DOOMED ALLIANCE
  • Octavian forces the weak Lepidus to retire
  • He and Mark Antony become rivals
  • Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt
    • Militarily
    • Personally
    • Politically
    • Economically
  • Octavian defeats them at the Battle of Actium


OCTAVIAN ON HIS OWN
  • He is now the unchallenged ruler of Rome
  • He was given the honorific “Augustus”
    • “Exalted one”
  • He was also given the title “imperator”
    • Supreme military commander
  • This is where we get the word “emperor”
  • Now Rome is an empire, not a republic

OCTAVIAN AINT KNOW TARQUIN

  • 40 years of ruling as emperor (27 BC to AD 14)
  • He began a stable era of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (Roman peace)
  • Pax Romana was 207 years long
    • 27 BC to AD 180

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