Ancient Rome

Today we took notes on Rome.


  • Rome grew from a small settlement to a mighty civilization that eventually conquered the Mediterranean world.
The Origins of Rome
  • Rome was founded in 753 B.C by Romulus and Remus
    • sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess
    • Twins were abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf.
    • Men built the city, not immortals
Geography
  • Rome was built on 7 rolling hills at a curve on the Tiber River
  • Located at the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea.
The First Romans
  • The earliest Italian peninsula arrivers in prehistoric times.
  • 1000-500 B.C.: 3 groups fought over control of the land.
    • Latins, Greeks, Etruscans
  • Latins built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine hill
  • 750-600 BC: Greeks established colonies southern of Italy and Sicily
    • Cities became more active
  • Etruscans were native to northern Italy
  • Skilled metalworkers and engineers.
  • Influenced the development of Roman civilization
The Early Republic
  • 600 BC: Etruscan became the king of Rome
  • Rome grew from hills to 500 square miles
  • Various kings ordered the construction of Rome's first temples and public centers.
    • The Forum--heart of Rome political life
  • Last king--Tarquin the Proud
    • harsh tyrant
    • driven from power in 509 BC
    • Romans declared to never be ruled by a king
  • Established a republic
    • Latin-"res publica"-- public affairs
  • Republic- form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders
    • Only granted to free-born male citizens
PATRICIANS AND PLEBEIANS
  • Patricians-- wealthy landowners who held the most power
    • inherited power and social status
    • ancestors made laws for Rome
  • Plebeians-- common farmers, artisan and merchants who made up majority of the population
    • could vote
    • barred by law from holding the most important government position.
  • TRIBUNES-- Plebeians form their own assembly, elected representatives
TWELVE TABLES
  • Plebeians was to force the creation of a written law codes
  • 451 BC-- a group of 10 officials began writing down Rome's laws. 
    • Carved on 12 tablets, hung in the Forum
  • became the base for Roman laws.

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